Literatur: Janis Irving
Kritik zulassen, entwicklungsschädliches Gruppendenken vermeiden. Irving Janis was the first psychologist to look at groupthink, back in the 1970s. He used the Bay of Pigs invasion to highlight how some of the most expert people can make poor decisions in a suboptimal setting: the Kennedy White House accepted plans the CIA had formulated with Eisenhower’s administration without question. The same assessment was made of BA and M&S’s attempts at global expansion in the 1990s: both darlings of the London Stock Exchange, they underestimated the risk that potential failure triggers held, with board members reinforcing each other’s sense of invulnerability. http://www.cityam.com/227157/could-you-be-making-better-decisions Janis has documented eight symptoms of groupthink: Illusion of invulnerability –Creates excessive optimism that encourages taking extreme risks. Collective rationalization – Members discount warnings and do not reconsider their assumptions. Belief in inhe...